The Quest to Regrow Teeth
Theory and Technology
Unlike reptiles and fish, which usually replace their fangs on a regular basis, it is widely accepted that humans and most other mammals only grow two sets of teeth.
But hidden underneath our gums are the dormant buds of a third generation, according to Katsu Takahashi, head of oral surgery at the Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital in Osaka.
His team has launched clinical trials at Kyoto University Hospital in October, administering an experimental medicine to adult test subjects that they say has the potential to jumpstart the growth of these concealed teeth.
Tests on mice and ferrets suggest that blocking a protein called USAG-1 can awaken the third set, and the researchers have published lab photographs of regrown animal teeth.
‘Only the Beginning’
For now, the dentists are prioritising the “dire” needs of patients with six or more permanent teeth missing from birth.
The Potential Impact
The researchers want to make the drug available as early as 2030, primarily targeted at children with the condition.
Angray Kang, a dentistry professor at Queen Mary University of London, says the Takahashi group is leading the way in this field. “The race to regenerate human teeth is not a short sprint, but by analogy a set of back-to-back consecutive ultra-marathons,” he says.
Chengfei Zhang, a clinical professor in endodontics at the University of Hong Kong, is cautious, acknowledging that “outcomes observed in animals do not always directly translate to humans” but praises Takahashi’s innovative approach.
‘Over the Moon’
Takahashi argues that the location of a new tooth can be controlled by the drug injection site, and if it grows in the wrong place, it can be moved through orthodontics or transplantation.
Conclusion
The prospect of growing new teeth using a groundbreaking drug is a significant one, with the potential to revolutionize the way people deal with tooth loss and improve the quality of their lives.
While there is still much to be explored, the initial results show promise, and the determination of researchers like Takahashi to make this breakthrough a reality is inspiring.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How does the drug work?
A: The drug blocks a protein called USAG-1, which can awaken dormant tooth buds underneath the gum.
Q: Who are the main beneficiaries of the treatment?
A: Those with congenital tooth deformities or missing teeth will be the primary targets for this treatment.
Q: What is the timeline for making the drug available?
A: The researchers hope to make the drug available as early as 2030, with the potential to be used in patients with acquired toothlessness by 2025.
Q: Are there any ongoing challenges?
A: One major challenge is ensuring that the new teeth grow functionally and aesthetically, which may require future refinement of the treatment method.