The Secrets of President Bashar al-Assad’s Rule Exposed
The Tunnels of Mount Qasyun
On the slopes of Mount Qasyun, which overlooks Damascus, a network of tunnels links a military complex, tasked with defending the Syrian capital, to the presidential palace facing it. The tunnels, seen by an AFP correspondent, are among the secrets of President Bashar al-Assad’s rule exposed since rebels toppled him on December 8.
"We entered this enormous barracks of the Republican Guard after the liberation" of Damascus, said Mohammad Abu Salim, a military official from Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the dominant Islamist group in the alliance that overthrew Assad. "We found a vast network of tunnels which lead to the presidential palace" on a neighbouring hill, Salim said.
A Complex Network of Tunnels and Bunkers
During Assad’s rule, Qasyun was off limits to the people of Damascus because it was an ideal location for snipers — the great view includes the presidential palaces and other government buildings. It was also from this mountain that artillery units for years pounded rebel-held areas at the gates of the capital. An AFP correspondent entered the Guard complex of two bunkers containing vast rooms reserved for its soldiers. The bunkers were equipped with telecommunications gear, electricity, a ventilation system, and weapons supplies. Other simpler tunnels were dug out of the rock to hold ammunition.
The Collapse of the Syrian Army
Despite such elaborate facilities, Syria’s army collapsed, with troops abandoning tanks and other gear as rebels advanced from their northern stronghold to the capital in less than two weeks. On the grounds of the Guard complex, a statue of the president’s brother Bassel al-Assad, atop a horse, has been toppled and Bassel’s head severed. Bassel al-Assad died in a 1994 road accident. He had been the presumed successor to his father Hafez al-Assad, who set up the paranoid, secretive, repressive system of government that Bashar inherited when his father died in 2000.
A Macabre Outdoor Art Installation
In the immense Guard camp, former rebel fighters use pictures of Bashar al-Assad and his father for target practice. Tanks and heavy weapons still sit under arched stone shelters. Resembling a macabre outdoor art installation, large empty rusted barrels with attached fins pointing skyward are lined up on the ground, their explosives further away. "The regime used these barrels to bomb civilians in the north of Syria," Abu Salim said. The United Nations denounced Bashir’s use of such weapons dropped from helicopters or airplanes against civilian areas held by Assad’s opponents during Syria’s years-long civil war that began in 2011.
Conclusion
The secrets of President Bashar al-Assad’s rule have been exposed, revealing a complex network of tunnels and bunkers, a collapsed army, and a regime responsible for widespread human rights abuses. As the Syrian people continue to suffer, it is clear that the path to peace and justice must be paved with accountability and transparency.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the significance of Mount Qasyun?
Mount Qasyun is a strategic location overlooking the Syrian capital, Damascus, and is home to a network of tunnels and bunkers used by the Syrian military. - What is the purpose of the tunnels and bunkers?
The tunnels and bunkers were used to defend the capital and house military personnel, as well as to store weapons and ammunition. - How did the Syrian army collapse?
The Syrian army collapsed after rebels advanced from their northern stronghold to the capital in less than two weeks, with troops abandoning tanks and other gear. - What is the significance of the statue of Bassel al-Assad?
Bassel al-Assad, the brother of President Bashar al-Assad, was the presumed successor to their father Hafez al-Assad and was memorialized in a toppled statue on the grounds of the Guard complex.